— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師應監測低血鈣病人的哪些症狀？（選所有適合的）
Which signs and symptoms should the nurse monitor for in a client experiencing hypocalcemia? (Select all that apply.)
- APositive Trousseau's sign✓ 正解特勞索氏徵象（Trousseau's sign）陽性
- BMuscle cramps and tremors✓ 正解肌肉痙攣與顫抖
- CShortened QT intervalQT間期縮短
- DLaryngeal stridor✓ 正解喉頭哮鳴音
- EHyperactive deep tendon reflexes✓ 正解深層肌腱反射亢進
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
低血鈣（Hypocalcemia）會導致神經肌肉興奮性增加。臨床表現包括特勞索氏徵象（Trousseau's sign）陽性、查沃斯基氏徵象（Chvostek's sign）陽性、肌肉痙攣、深部肌腱反射亢進。嚴重時可導致喉部痙攣（Laryngeal stridor），造成氣道阻塞，這是危及生命的併發症。心電圖常見 QT 間期延長，而非縮短。
Hypocalcemia increases neuromuscular excitability, manifesting as positive Trousseau’s sign, muscle cramps, tremors, hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, and potentially life-threatening laryngeal stridor. Electrocardiogram changes typically show a prolonged QT interval rather than a shortened one.