護理師準備為病人注射靜脈抗生素。下列哪項行動最能體現執行「給藥權利」（Rights of Medication Administration）以確保安全？
The nurse is preparing to administer an intravenous antibiotic to a client. Which action best demonstrates the implementation of 'The Rights of Medication Administration' to ensure safety?
- AIdentifying the client by their diagnosis and primary physician根據診斷和主治醫師來辨識客戶
- BRelying on the client's identification by their primary family member依賴主要家屬對客戶的識別
- CAsking the client to state their full name and date of birth✓ 正解請客戶報出全名和出生日期
- DChecking the client's room number against the medication administration record (MAR)將客戶的房號與藥物給藥紀錄（MAR）進行核對
確保病人安全的首要步驟是正確辨識病人身分。根據 Joint Commission 的安全目標，必須至少使用兩種獨立的辨識碼（Identifiers），且不能包含病人的床號或房號，因為這些資訊是會變動且容易混淆的。最標準的做法是要求病人主動說出姓名與出生年月日，並與給藥紀錄（MAR）及病人手圈核對。這能有效預防因重名、住錯病房或意識不清導致的給藥錯誤。在 NCLEX 考試中，辨識病人身分是所有處置的先決條件，若此步驟錯誤，後續所有給藥動作皆具危險性。護理師應落實「主動詢問」而非「被動確認」，即不要問「你是不是陳先生？」，而是問「請告訴我您的名字」。
To ensure client safety during medication administration, the nurse must verify identity using at least two unique identifiers, such as the client's full name and date of birth. Room numbers and diagnoses are not reliable identifiers due to potential errors or mobility, and while family members can assist if the client is unable, direct client verification is the priority.
美國非常強調使用 Barcode Medication Administration (BCMA) 系統與雙重辨識。台灣雖然也推動手圈條碼掃描，但在實際執行中，有時會因工作繁忙而僅口頭詢問姓氏，未落實完整的兩種辨識碼核對，這在 NCLEX 考試中是絕對扣分項。