— 健康促進與維護 · HARD · SATA —
護理師針對老年族群進行健康促進說明。下列哪些活動建議是正確的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is conducting a health promotion session for older adults. Which health maintenance activities are recommended? (Select all that apply.)
- AAnnual physical examination and vision screening✓ 正解年度身體檢查和視力篩檢
- BPneumococcal vaccination every 6 months每 6 個月接種肺炎鏈球菌疫苗
- CBone density screening as indicated✓ 正解依指示進行骨密度篩檢
- DRegular hearing evaluations✓ 正解定期聽力評估
- EShingles vaccination for those over 50✓ 正解50 歲以上者接種帶狀皰疹疫苗
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
肺炎鏈球菌疫苗並非每 6 個月接種，通常只需接種一次或間隔數年（依疫苗類型 PCV13/PPSV23 而定）。老年健康維護包含年度體檢、聽視力監測、骨質評估以及帶狀皰疹疫苗（針對 50 歲以上者），這些都有助於維持老年生活品質。
Pneumococcal vaccines are administered once or in a series with long intervals, not every six months. Recommended health maintenance for older adults includes annual physicals, bone density screenings, regular hearing evaluations, and shingles vaccination for those over 50 to support overall quality of life.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國 CDC 針對帶狀皰疹（Shingrix）疫苗推廣非常積極；台灣目前針對帶狀皰疹疫苗多為自費，健保覆蓋範圍仍以傳統常規疫苗為主。