— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
哪些評估發現應警示護理師病人可能出現急性腎損傷（AKI）？（選所有適合的）
Which assessment findings should alert the nurse to potential acute kidney injury (AKI)? (Select all that apply.)
- ASerum creatinine increase of 0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours✓ 正解48小時內血清肌酸酐增加0.3 mg/dL
- BUrine output of 0.4 mL/kg/hour for 6 hours✓ 正解6小時內尿量為0.4 mL/kg/小時
- CSerum potassium level of 3.2 mEq/L血清鉀濃度3.2 mEq/L
- DBlood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 45 mg/dL✓ 正解血液尿素氮（BUN）45 mg/dL
- ESpecific gravity of 1.010比密1.010
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
AKI 的診斷標準包含肌酸酐（Cr）在 48 小時內上升大於 0.3 mg/dL，或尿量小於 0.5 mL/kg/hr 持續 6 小時以上。BUN 升高也是常見指標。選項 E 尿比重 1.010 代表腎小管濃縮功能喪失，也是重要診斷依據。選項 C 低血鉀通常與 AKI 的高血鉀表現相反。
An increase in serum creatinine of 0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours meets the diagnostic criteria for acute kidney injury. Oliguria, defined as urine output less than 0.5 mL/kg/hour, is a key clinical indicator of renal dysfunction. Elevated blood urea nitrogen levels suggest decreased renal clearance and potential kidney injury.
✦ 台美臨床差異
兩地皆參考 KDIGO 指引，但台灣臨床對肌酸酐波動的警覺常依賴檢驗室自動通知系統。