護理師為MRSA感染病人靜脈輸注萬古黴素,輸注10分鐘後發現頸部及臉部皮膚發紅。護理師優先採取的行動為何?
A nurse is preparing to administer IV vancomycin to a client with a MRSA infection. The nurse observes the client's skin turning red on the neck and face within 10 minutes of the start of the infusion. What is the nurse's priority action?
- AStop the infusion immediately✓ 正解立即停止輸注
- BContinue the infusion at a slower rate以較慢的速度繼續輸注
- CAdminister an antihistamine給予抗組織胺
- DNotify the physician通知醫師
此反應為萬古黴素輸注過快引起的紅人症候群(Red Man Syndrome),主要機制為組胺釋放,而非真正的IgE介導過敏反應。雖然此症狀通常不危及生命,但根據用藥安全原則,出現輸注相關反應的第一動作皆是停止輸注,以避免進一步的組胺反應。停止後應評估病人的生命徵象,確認有無呼吸困難或低血壓等過敏性休克表現。之後的處理通常為給予抗組織胺並在症狀緩解後,以更慢的速度重新開始輸注。若不立刻停止,紅疹可能蔓延至全身並伴隨低血壓,護理師需區分此症狀與真正的過敏反應,但處理程序的第一步均為停止給藥。
The client is experiencing Red Man Syndrome, a histamine-mediated reaction caused by rapid vancomycin infusion, which presents with flushing of the face and neck. The priority nursing action is to stop the infusion immediately to halt further histamine release and prevent progression to hypotension or respiratory distress. After stopping, the nurse should assess vital signs and notify the provider for orders to administer antihistamines and restart the infusion at a slower rate.
美國護理常規中,護理師對於疑似輸注反應有明確的獨立停止給藥權限,隨後才進行醫師通報;台灣臨床環境中,雖然護理師可先停藥,但部分單位在溝通層級上仍習慣先電話告知醫師再執行,但針對明顯過敏反應則均以安全為優先。