— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師準備為病人靜脈注射氯化鉀，哪項措施對確保病患安全至關重要？
A nurse is preparing to administer intravenous potassium chloride to a client. Which action is essential to ensure patient safety?
- AAdministering the medication without monitoring ECG未監測心電圖（ECG）給藥
- BInfusing at a rapid rate to correct hypokalemia quickly快速輸注以迅速糾正低血鉀
- CVerifying the medication is diluted according to facility protocol✓ 正解確認藥物已依機構規定稀釋
- DAdministering the medication via IV push method經靜脈推注方式給藥
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
靜脈注射鉀離子（Potassium chloride, KCl）是臨床上的「高警訊藥物」（High-alert medication）。KCl 絕不可直接靜脈推注（IV push），否則會導致心室顫動甚至心跳停止。給藥前必須嚴格稀釋，並透過輸液幫浦（Infusion pump）控制速率，通常建議不超過 10-20 mEq/hr。護理師需確保管路暢通，避免藥物外滲導致組織壞死。
Intravenous potassium chloride is a high-alert medication that must never be administered via IV push due to the risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias. To ensure patient safety, the nurse must verify that the medication is properly diluted according to facility protocols and infused at a controlled rate using an infusion pump.
✦ 台美臨床差異
在美國，KCl 靜脈輸注必須強制使用 Infusion pump，且通常有明確的濃度上限（如每 100mL 溶液不超過 10mEq），護理師需雙重核對（Double check）藥物濃度與醫囑。