— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · SATA —
術後護理師應執行哪些措施以預防病人發生術後肺炎？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client who had an abdominal surgery. Which nursing interventions help prevent postoperative pneumonia? (Select all that apply.)
- AEncourage use of incentive spirometer✓ 正解鼓勵使用誘發性肺量計
- BPromote early and frequent ambulation✓ 正解促進早期且頻繁的下床活動
- CMaintain a Fowler's position✓ 正解維持福勒氏體位（半坐臥位）
- DAdminister opioids every 4 hours to suppress coughing每 4 小時給予鴉片類鎮痛藥以抑制咳嗽
- EAssist with deep breathing and coughing exercises✓ 正解協助進行深呼吸與咳嗽運動
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
預防術後肺炎的核心在於維持肺擴張與呼吸道暢通。A、E 透過呼吸訓練增強肺活量，B 促進肺部換氣與代謝，C 透過半坐臥姿勢減輕橫膈壓力。D 錯誤，給予鴉片類藥物過量會抑制呼吸中樞，且應鼓勵咳嗽，而非抑制咳嗽，僅在過度疼痛時給予鎮痛以利病人進行呼吸訓練。
Preventing postoperative pneumonia involves maintaining lung expansion and clearing secretions through incentive spirometry, deep breathing, and coughing exercises. Early ambulation and positioning the client in Fowler's position further facilitate gas exchange and reduce the risk of atelectasis and infection.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣術後照護更強調「拍痰」與「姿位引流」，而美國護理則更側重誘發性肺量計（IS）的護理與紀錄。