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健康促進與維護 · EASY · MCQ

一位 5 歲兒童準備入學。護理師應確保其接種了哪些疫苗?

A 5-year-old child is ready to start school. Which immunization should the nurse ensure is up to date?

  • AZoster vaccine
    帶狀疱疹疫苗
  • BHepatitis A vaccine (optional)
    A型肝炎疫苗(選填)
  • CDTaP booster✓ 正解
    白喉破傷風無細胞百日咳疫苗(DTaP)加強劑
  • DPneumococcal vaccine (adult version)
    肺炎鏈球菌疫苗(成人版)
Explanation · 中文詳解

根據美國疾病管制與預防中心(CDC)的預防接種時程表,5 歲兒童入學前需完成一系列常規疫苗補強,以確保在群體生活中的群體免疫(herd immunity)。DTaP(白喉、破傷風、非細胞性百日咳)疫苗的第 5 劑通常建議在 4 至 6 歲之間接種。此時期的補強對於維持針對百日咳等呼吸道疾病的抗體力價至關重要。

Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that promotes sodium excretion while retaining potassium, making hyperkalemia a significant risk. Therefore, serum potassium levels must be closely monitored, especially in clients with renal impairment or those taking ACE inhibitors.

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