— 心理社會完整性 · EASY · SATA —
護理師應針對憂鬱症病人監測哪些症狀？（選所有適合的）
Which signs and symptoms should the nurse monitor for in a patient with depression? (Select all that apply.)
- AAnhedonia (lack of interest in activities)✓ 正解快感缺失（對活動缺乏興趣）
- BIncreased energy and goal-directed activity能量增加及目標導向的活動
- CSleep disturbances (too little or too much)✓ 正解睡眠障礙（過多或過少）
- DFeelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt✓ 正解無價值感或過度罪惡感
- EPersistent low mood or sadness✓ 正解持續的低落情緒或悲傷
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
根據 DSM-5 診斷標準，憂鬱症（Major Depressive Disorder）的核心臨床表現包括情緒低落（Depressed mood）與失去興趣（Anhedonia）。護理師在評估時，須全面涵蓋生理、認知與情緒層面。選項 A、C、D、E 均為經典的憂鬱症狀，反映了神經傳導物質失衡導致的動機下降、睡眠生理時鐘紊亂、自我價值感低落及持續的情緒低迷。選項 B 的描述（精力充沛、目標導向行為）屬於躁症（Mania）或輕躁症的特徵，與憂鬱症表現相反，臨床上須特別注意雙極性疾患（Bipolar Disorder）的鑑別診斷。
Depression is characterized by persistent low mood, anhedonia, sleep disturbances, and feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt. Increased energy and goal-directed activity are signs of mania, which distinguishes bipolar disorder from unipolar depression.