護理師正衛教一位患有阿茲海默症且出現「日落症候群（Sundowning）」病人的家屬。護理師應包含下列哪項建議？
The nurse is providing education to the family of a client with Alzheimer's disease who is experiencing sundowning. Which suggestion should the nurse include?
- ALimit the client's fluid intake after 4:00 PM.下午四點後限制病人的液體攝取量
- BSchedule the most demanding activities in the late afternoon.將最耗費精力的活動安排在下午晚些時候
- CCreate a quiet, calm environment as the sun begins to set.✓ 正解當太陽開始下山時，營造安靜、平靜的環境
- DKeep the house dimly lit in the evening to promote rest.晚上保持屋內燈光昏暗以促進休息
日落症候群是指失智症病人在傍晚或夜間出現焦慮、激動、混亂加劇的現象。其護理核心在於「減少環境刺激」與「維持節律」。選項 C 建議建立安靜、平靜的環境，能有效降低病人的感官負荷，減緩焦慮。選項 D 是錯誤的，因為昏暗的光線會產生陰影，可能引發病人的錯覺或幻覺，加重恐懼，正確做法應是增加室內亮度以抵銷戶外漸暗的光線。選項 B 也是錯誤的，高強度活動應安排在病人精神最好的早晨，而非下午，因為疲勞是誘發日落症候群的主因。選項 A 與日落症候群的行為管理無直接關聯。臨床思路上，環境修飾（Environmental modification）是處理失智症行為問題（BPSD）的首選非藥物處置。
Sundowning involves increased agitation and confusion in the late afternoon or evening, so creating a quiet, calm environment helps reduce sensory overload and anxiety. Strenuous activities should be scheduled earlier in the day when the client is most rested, and adequate lighting is essential to prevent shadows that can cause illusions.
美國長期照護體系對於「無藥物介入」處理失智症行為問題有非常嚴格的評估流程；台灣目前也在推廣非藥物介入，但家屬往往會先要求醫師開立鎮靜劑或安眠藥，護理師需加強衛教環境調整的重要性。