— 健康促進與維護 · HARD · SATA —
護理師在健康維持門診評估一名 55 歲女性病人，下列哪項發現需列為優先討論事項？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is assessing a 55-year-old female client during a health maintenance visit. Which findings should the nurse prioritize for further discussion? (Select all that apply.)
- ALast mammogram was 3 years ago✓ 正解上次乳房攝影檢查是在三年前
- BReports of intermittent joint pain during exercise報告運動期間有間歇性關節疼痛
- CInconsistent use of calcium supplements鈣補充劑的使用不一致
- DSmoking one pack of cigarettes per day for 30 years✓ 正解每天吸一包香菸，持續三十年
- EAbsence of a recent Pap smear within the last 5 years✓ 正解過去五年內未進行近期的子宮頸抹片檢查
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
55 歲女性屬於乳癌與子宮頸癌篩檢的高危險群。乳房攝影應 1-2 年一次（A 需優先處理）；子宮頸抹片若 5 年未做即屬嚴重脫漏（E 優先處理）；長達 30 年的菸癮對心肺血管健康威脅巨大（D 優先處理）。關節痛（B）與鈣質補充（C）雖重要，但非癌症篩檢這類急迫性預防項目。
The nurse should prioritize findings related to cancer screening and significant lifestyle risks. Mammograms are recommended every one to two years, and Pap smears every three years for this age group, making overdue screenings urgent. Additionally, a 30-pack-year smoking history poses a major threat to cardiovascular and pulmonary health, requiring immediate intervention.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國健保對篩檢依從性有嚴格控管；台灣健保提供成人健檢與癌症篩檢，但民眾對抹片與乳房篩檢常因心理因素而抗拒。