護理師正在建議一位病人有關眼睛的健康。何種做法有助於預防與年齡相關的黃斑部病變（AMD）？
A nurse is advising a client about eye health. Which practice helps prevent age-related macular degeneration (AMD)?
- AHigh intake of saturated fats高攝取飽和脂肪
- BRegular use of eye drops定期使用眼藥水
- CLimited exposure to sunlight限制陽光曝露
- DSmoking cessation✓ 正解戒菸
年齡相關黃斑部病變（AMD）是造成老年人視力喪失的主要原因。吸菸會導致氧化壓力增加並損害視網膜血管，是 AMD 最強烈的可改變風險因子。戒菸能明顯減緩 AMD 的進展。雖然飲食建議很重要，但吸菸的危害遠大於飽和脂肪攝取；陽光暴露需適度防護，而非完全避免；眼藥水則通常用於青光眼或乾眼症，對 AMD 無直接預防效果。
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss in older adults. Smoking increases oxidative stress and damages retinal vasculature, making it the strongest modifiable risk factor for AMD. Smoking cessation significantly slows AMD progression. Although dietary recommendations are important, the harm caused by smoking far exceeds that of saturated fat intake; sun exposure should be controlled with appropriate protection rather than completely avoided; and eye drops are typically used for glaucoma or dry eye and have no direct preventive effect on AMD.