— 健康促進與維護 · HARD · SATA —
針對有非典型痣病史的病人，下列哪些措施是預防皮膚癌的次級預防關鍵？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following interventions are essential for secondary prevention of skin cancer in a client with a history of atypical nevi? (Select all that apply.)
- APerforming a monthly self-skin examination✓ 正解每月進行自我皮膚檢查
- BUsing broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher daily✓ 正解每日使用廣譜防曬係數30或以上之防曬乳
- CAvoiding sun exposure during peak hours from 10 AM to 4 PM✓ 正解避免於上午10點至下午4點的高峰時段曝曬陽光
- DScheduling an annual dermatological examination✓ 正解安排每年一次之皮膚科檢查
- EApplying a tanning bed session once a month to build tolerance每月使用一次美黑燈以建立耐受性
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
對於有非典型痣病史的病人，皮膚癌預防採「次級預防」為主。包括：定期自我檢查（每月一次）以利早期發現病灶、防曬（SPF 30 以上）、避免紫外線最強時段曝曬，以及定期由皮膚科醫師檢查（每年一次）。紫外線床（Tanning bed）會顯著增加黑色素瘤與其他皮膚癌風險，任何形式的「曬太陽」都不是預防措施。
Secondary prevention for skin cancer in high-risk clients involves regular monitoring and sun protection to detect changes early and minimize UV damage. Essential interventions include performing monthly self-skin examinations, applying broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30+), avoiding peak sun hours, and scheduling annual dermatological exams. Conversely, using tanning beds increases melanoma risk and is not a preventive measure.