— 健康促進與維護 · HARD · MCQ —
護理師準備為成人客戶施打疫苗。下列關於疫苗接種的敘述何者正確？
A nurse is preparing to provide a vaccination to an adult client. Which statement accurately describes the administration of vaccines?
- AMild fever after a vaccine is a contraindication for the next dose接種疫苗後出現輕微發燒是下次接種的禁忌症
- BLive attenuated vaccines should be avoided in immunocompromised individuals✓ 正解免疫低下者應避免接種減毒活疫苗
- CPregnant women should receive all available vaccines to ensure immunity孕婦應接種所有可用疫苗以確保免疫力
- DMost adult vaccines are administered via the subcutaneous route大多數成人疫苗透過皮下注射途徑給予
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
減毒活疫苗（Live attenuated vaccines）含有活但已減弱毒性的病毒或細菌，對於免疫功能低下者（如 HIV/AIDS、癌症患者、長期使用免疫抑制劑者），無法有效控制這些病原體，可能導致嚴重感染。因此，這類疫苗在免疫功能低下者身上屬於禁忌症。輕微發燒並非接種疫苗的禁忌，多數疫苗為肌肉注射，孕婦接種則需視時程與疫苗類型而定。
Live attenuated vaccines should be avoided in immunocompromised individuals because their weakened immune systems may not control the virus, leading to serious infection. Mild fever is a common side effect and not a contraindication, most adult vaccines are intramuscular rather than subcutaneous, and pregnant women receive only specific indicated vaccines.