護理師正在評估一位患有甲狀腺機能亢進(葛瑞夫茲氏病)的病患。護理師應預期看到哪種臨床表現?
A nurse is assessing a client with hyperthyroidism (Grave's disease). Which clinical manifestation should the nurse expect?
- AWeight gain and lethargy體重增加與嗜睡
- BDry skin and cold intolerance皮膚乾燥與畏寒
- CBradycardia and constipation心跳過緩與便秘
- DHeat intolerance and tremors✓ 正解不耐熱與震顫
甲狀腺機能亢進(Hyperthyroidism)的核心生理變化是「全身代謝加速」。想像身體像是一台過熱、過轉的引擎。由於代謝率上升,病患會產生過多熱量,導致不耐熱(Heat intolerance)與多汗。神經系統受刺激會導致細微震顫(Tremors)、焦慮與心跳過速。相對地,選項 C、A、B 都是甲狀腺機能低下(Hypothyroidism)的特徵——代謝減慢、心跳變慢、產熱不足(畏寒)及體重增加。護理師在觀察時應注意病患是否有突眼(Exophthalmos)及心律不整(如心房顫動)的風險。教育重點應放在增加熱量攝取與減少環境刺激上。
Hyperthyroidism causes a hypermetabolic state, leading to symptoms such as heat intolerance and fine tremors due to increased sympathetic nervous system activity. These signs contrast with hypothyroidism, which presents with weight gain, lethargy, and cold intolerance.
美國 NCLEX 經常考環境管理(如提供安靜、涼爽房間)作為甲亢護理的優先;台灣臨床則更偏重抗甲狀腺藥物(PTU/Methimazole)的副作用衛教,如白血球減少症(Agranulocytosis)。