— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · SATA —
護理師準備為低血鉀病人靜脈注射氯化鉀。下列哪些措施是安全投藥所必需的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer intravenous potassium chloride to a client with hypokalemia. Which actions are required for safe administration? (Select all that apply.)
- AEnsure the concentration does not exceed 10 mEq/100 mL✓ 正解確保濃度不超過10 mEq/100 mL
- BAdminister the drug via a peripheral IV line at 20 mEq/hour經周邊靜脈線以每小時20 mEq的速度給藥
- CCheck for urine output before administering✓ 正解給藥前檢查尿量
- DUtilize an infusion pump for all potassium doses✓ 正解所有鉀劑給藥均使用輸注幫浦
- EMonitor the IV site for signs of phlebitis✓ 正解監測靜脈注射部位是否有靜脈炎跡象
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
靜脈輸注鉀離子極具危險性。A: 濃度限制為防止靜脈炎；B: 周邊血管最高速度通常為 10 mEq/hr，超過會導致疼痛與組織壞死；C: 需有尿量以確保腎功能正常排鉀；D: 必須使用輸液幫浦以精確控速；E: 鉀對血管具刺激性，易引起靜脈炎。
Safe IV potassium administration requires using an infusion pump to control the rate, ensuring adequate urine output to confirm renal excretion capability, and monitoring the IV site for phlebitis due to potassium's irritant properties. The concentration should be properly diluted, and peripheral infusion rates must generally not exceed 10 mEq/hour to prevent tissue damage.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美皆將靜脈鉀離子列為高警戒藥物，強制要求雙重確認與幫浦使用。