— 健康促進與維護 · EASY · MCQ —
一位 50 歲女性詢問更年期症狀。下列何者被視為常見症狀？
A 50-year-old female asks about menopause symptoms. Which is considered a common symptom?
- ARapid weight loss體重快速減輕
- BHigher bone density骨密度增加
- CHot flashes✓ 正解熱潮紅
- DIncreased vaginal lubrication陰道潤滑液增加
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
更年期（Menopause）是由於卵巢功能衰退，導致雌激素（Estrogen）分泌減少。熱潮紅是因血管舒縮功能不穩定（Vasomotor instability）所引起，屬於常見且具代表性的症狀。臨床評估應重點詢問病人的生活品質影響，並排除其他潛在的內分泌或心血管問題。對於此階段女性，護理重點在於緩解症狀並評估長期健康風險（如骨質疏鬆）。
Potassium chloride must be diluted to prevent severe complications such as phlebitis, tissue necrosis from extravasation, and life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Direct IV push of potassium is strictly prohibited due to the risk of cardiac arrest. Monitoring serum potassium levels is essential, but blood pressure checks and meal consumption are not primary safety requirements for IV administration.