— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師在教導病人關於皮膚癌的一級預防，應建議哪項措施？
A nurse is teaching a client about primary prevention of skin cancer. What should the nurse recommend?
- AAvoid sun exposure entirely during daylight hours在日間時段完全避免陽光曝曬
- BUse a tanning bed twice a month to build base tan每月使用兩次日光浴床以建立基礎膚色
- CApply sunscreen with SPF 15 or higher daily✓ 正解每天塗抹 SPF 15 或更高的防曬乳
- DSchedule a yearly skin exam with a dermatologist安排每年一次由皮膚科醫師進行的皮膚檢查
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
皮膚癌的一級預防重點在於減少紫外線暴露。使用 SPF 15 以上防曬乳是標準建議。B 錯誤：人工日曬床極易導致皮膚癌；A 錯誤：過度避開陽光會影響維生素 D 合成，且不切實際；D 錯誤：這屬於二級預防（篩檢），不屬於一級預防（預防發生）。
Primary prevention of skin cancer focuses on reducing ultraviolet radiation exposure through daily use of sunscreen with an SPF of 15 or higher. While moderate sun exposure is beneficial for vitamin D synthesis, avoiding it entirely is impractical, and tanning beds significantly increase melanoma risk; yearly skin exams constitute secondary prevention through screening.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國皮膚科醫學會針對防曬教育非常普及；台灣衛教則較多強調戶外工作者的物理遮蔽。