護理師照護一位有酒精使用障礙的個案。哪些營養素通常會缺乏並需要監測？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with a history of alcohol use disorder. Which nutrients are frequently deficient and require monitoring? (Select all that apply.)
- AThiamine (Vitamin B1)✓ 正解硫胺素（維生素 B1）
- BFolic acid✓ 正解葉酸
- CVitamin B12✓ 正解維生素 B12
- DVitamin K維生素 K
- EMagnesium✓ 正解鎂
慢性酒精使用會干擾營養吸收與代謝。B1（Thiamine）缺乏易引發 Wernicke-Korsakoff 症候群；葉酸（Folic acid）與 B12 缺乏會導致貧血與神經病變；鎂（Magnesium）缺乏常伴隨戒斷症狀，如震顫。維生素 K 雖然重要，但在酒精障礙中並非最優先監測項目。
Chronic alcohol use interferes with the absorption and metabolism of several key nutrients, leading to frequent deficiencies. Thiamine, folic acid, vitamin B12, and magnesium are commonly depleted, posing risks for neurological disorders, anemia, and withdrawal symptoms. Monitoring and supplementing these specific nutrients is critical for managing the health of clients with alcohol use disorder.
美國醫學中心常規使用 B1 預防 Wernicke 腦病變，台灣則需視個案營養狀況給予醫師指示。