護理師指導病人自我注射皮下胰島素。哪些動作是正確的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about self-administration of subcutaneous insulin. Which actions are correct? (Select all that apply.)
- ARotate injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy✓ 正解輪替注射部位以預防脂肪營養不良
- BClean the site with alcohol and let it dry✓ 正解以酒精清潔注射部位並待其乾燥
- CMassage the injection site vigorously after administration注射後用力按摩注射部位
- DPinch the skin fold if using a longer needle✓ 正解若使用較長針頭則捏起皮膚摺
- EStore unused insulin in the freezer將未使用的胰島素存放在冷凍庫
胰島素注射衛教重點：輪替部位以避免皮下脂肪增生；清潔皮膚後待酒精乾掉再注射以防疼痛；若針頭較長應捏起皮膚確保進入皮下組織。按摩注射部位會加速吸收，易致血糖波動，不建議。胰島素嚴禁冷凍，會破壞蛋白質結構。
Patients should rotate injection sites to prevent lipohypertrophy and ensure consistent insulin absorption. The skin must be cleaned with alcohol and allowed to dry completely before injection to avoid stinging and chemical irritation. If using a longer needle, pinching the skin fold helps ensure the medication is delivered into the subcutaneous tissue rather than the muscle. Vigorous massage after injection should be avoided as it can accelerate absorption unpredictably, and insulin must never be frozen.
台灣針對老年人注射胰島素常強調由家屬協助，美國則極力推廣病人居家獨立操作。