一位診斷為低血鉀的病人醫囑給予靜脈補充氯化鉀（KCl）10 mEq/hr。護理師在安全給藥時，哪項行動是必不可少的？
A client is diagnosed with hypokalemia and is prescribed intravenous potassium chloride (KCl) 10 mEq/hr. Which action by the nurse is essential for the safe administration of this medication?
- AVerify the client has adequate urine output before administration✓ 正解確認病人在給藥前有足夠的尿量
- BAdminister the KCl via rapid intravenous push經快速靜脈推注給予氯化鉀
- CLimit the client's oral intake of potassium-rich foods限制病人攝取富含鉀的食物
- DApply a warm compress to the IV site during the infusion在輸注期間於靜脈注射部位敷熱敷
鉀離子主要透過腎臟排泄。在靜脈補充 KCl 之前，護理師必須確認病人的腎功能（表現為尿量是否充足，通常需 >30 mL/hr），因為腎功能衰竭會導致鉀離子迅速積聚，引發致命的高血鉀與心律不整。選項 B（靜脈直接推注）是絕對禁忌，會導致心臟驟停， KCl 必須稀釋後緩慢滴注。熱敷（D）雖可緩解靜脈刺激感，但不是安全給藥的『核心先決條件』。限制飲食（C）對於低血鉀病人來說是不合理的。核心安全原則是：『No pee, no potassium』（沒尿就不補鉀）。
Potassium is primarily excreted by the kidneys, so verifying adequate urine output is critical before administering intravenous potassium chloride to prevent life-threatening hyperkalemia. Rapid intravenous push of potassium is strictly contraindicated as it can cause immediate cardiac arrest; therefore, potassium must always be diluted and infused slowly under close monitoring.
美國 NCLEX 強調『No pee, no potassium』的原則非常嚴格；台灣臨床實務中，護理師除監測尿量外，也會高度依賴抽血數值（BUN/Cr）來判斷是否適合執行補鉀醫囑。