— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · MCQ —
護理師準備對低血鉀病人靜脈輸注氯化鉀，最重要的護理措施為何？
A nurse is preparing to administer intravenous potassium chloride to a client with hypokalemia. What is the most important nursing intervention?
- ADilute the medication thoroughly before administration✓ 正解給藥前徹底稀釋藥物
- BEnsure a high infusion rate for rapid correction確保快速輸注速率以迅速糾正
- CCheck for peripheral edema before starting the line開始輸注前檢查周邊水腫
- DAdminister the dose as a rapid intravenous push作為快速靜脈推注給藥
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
靜脈輸注氯化鉀極具危險性，必須嚴格遵守稀釋原則，絕對不可直接以靜脈推注（IV Push）。高濃度鉀離子會造成血管嚴重刺激甚至化學性靜脈炎，若快速輸入更會誘發致命性心律不整，因此稀釋與控制滴速是護理安全的核心要求。
Intravenous potassium chloride must be thoroughly diluted before administration to prevent severe local tissue irritation, phlebitis, and potentially fatal cardiac arrhythmias. Direct IV push or rapid infusion of concentrated potassium is strictly contraindicated due to the risk of cardiac arrest. Ensuring proper dilution and controlling the infusion rate are the most critical safety interventions when administering this medication.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台臨床皆嚴禁鉀離子靜脈推注，但美國多會要求透過中央靜脈管路給予高濃度補充。