護理師準備進行皮下注射肝素（Heparin）。下列哪項操作是正確的？
A nurse is preparing to administer heparin subcutaneously. Which of the following actions is correct?
- AAdminister the injection in the abdominal area at least 2 inches from the umbilicus✓ 正解在距臍部至少 2 英吋的腹部區域進行注射
- BMassage the site after injection to promote absorption注射後按摩注射部位以促進吸收
- CUse a 1-inch needle to ensure intramuscular delivery使用 1 英吋長的針頭以確保肌肉注射
- DAspirate before injecting the medication注射前進行抽吸
肝素皮下注射的核心安全重點在於防範出血及血腫。腹部是最佳給藥位置，因為腹壁脂肪層穩定且毛細血管分佈較規律。注射時應避開肚臍周圍 2 英吋（約 5 公分），以防針頭誤入血管豐富區。選項 D 嚴禁操作，因為抽吸可能引起皮下組織損傷，增加血腫風險。選項 B 絕對禁止，因為按摩會導致皮下微血管破裂，加劇瘀青。選項 C 錯誤，肝素是皮下注射，使用長針會錯誤刺入肌肉，導致嚴重深層血腫。此題強調注射技術細節對抗凝血藥物安全性的影響，護理師須熟練掌握部位選擇與針頭選擇的相關指引。
The core safety focus when giving subcutaneous heparin is preventing bleeding and hematoma. The abdomen is the preferred administration site because the abdominal fat layer is stable and capillary distribution is relatively even. Injections should avoid an area within 2 inches (about 5 cm) of the umbilicus to prevent the needle from entering a vascular-rich area. Option D is strictly prohibited because aspiration can cause subcutaneous tissue damage and increase hematoma risk. Option B is absolutely forbidden because massaging can rupture subcutaneous capillaries and worsen bruising. Option C is wrong; heparin is administered subcutaneously, and a long needle would incorrectly enter the muscle, causing severe deep hematoma. This question emphasizes the impact of injection technique details on anticoagulant safety; the nurse must be familiar with site selection and needle selection guidelines.
美國護理教材強調腹部注射的『捏起皮褶』技術，並嚴禁回抽；台灣臨床護理教學中，護理人員對回抽的習慣性動作較難改正，且對針頭長度的選擇常較隨意，需加強衛教。