護理師為一位 80 歲獨居長者進行居家安全評估。哪項發現是護理師應優先關注的問題？
A nurse is conducting a home safety assessment for an 80-year-old client who lives alone. Which finding is the priority concern for the nurse?
- AInsufficient lighting in the kitchen area廚房區域照明不足
- BThe absence of a grab bar in the bathtub浴缸內未安裝扶手
- CA space heater placed 3 feet away from the bed curtains電暖器放置於距離床簾 3 英尺處
- DThe presence of several small throw rugs in the hallway✓ 正解走廊上鋪設數塊小塊地毯
核心概念：老年人跌倒預防與居家安全。跌倒是長者失能的主要原因，而環境因素是可控的關鍵。為何正確答案 D 對：小地毯（Throw rugs）是長者居家環境中最常見且最危險的絆倒因素。長者步態可能較不穩或有拖行習慣，地毯邊緣容易捲起造成跌倒。為何其他選項錯：選項 B、C、A 固然也是安全隱患，但地毯造成的「即時跌倒風險」通常被視為優先處理項。選項 C 的電暖器距離窗簾 3 英尺（約 90 公分）已符合一般安全距離建議，但仍需注意。臨床思路：根據 NCLEX 安全優先原則，應先處理最容易導致骨折或頭部外傷的物理性障礙。
Core concept: fall prevention and home safety in older adults. Falls are a leading cause of disability in older adults, and environmental factors are key modifiable risks. Why option D is correct: throw rugs are the most common and dangerous tripping hazard in the home environment of older adults. Older adults may have an unsteady gait or a shuffling pattern, and the edges of rugs easily curl up and cause falls. Why the other options are not: options B, C, and A are also safety hazards, but the 'immediate fall risk' posed by rugs is typically considered a priority. In option C, a space heater placed 3 feet (about 90 cm) from the curtains meets general safety distance recommendations, though it still warrants attention. Clinical reasoning: in line with NCLEX safety priority principles, physical obstacles that are most likely to cause fractures or head injuries should be addressed first.
美國居家護理非常重視 OT（職能治療）介入的安全評估。台灣則多由長照 2.0 的居家服務員或護理師進行簡單評估，常需協助病人申請政府的居家無障礙修繕補助（如加裝扶手）。