— 健康促進與維護 · HARD · SATA —
下列哪些屬於高血壓病患的初級預防例子？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following are examples of primary prevention for a patient with hypertension? (Select all that apply.)
- ASmoking cessation education✓ 正解戒菸教育
- BPrescribing antihypertensive medication處方抗高血壓藥物
- CDietary modification to reduce salt intake✓ 正解調整飲食以減少鹽分攝取
- DRegular blood pressure monitoring at home定期在家監測血壓
- EIncreasing physical activity✓ 正解增加身體活動
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
初級預防針對疾病「發生前」或「尚未造成危害前」的行為。戒菸（A）、低鹽飲食（C）與規律運動（E）旨在避免高血壓惡化或併發心血管問題。開立藥物（B）與居家監測（D）屬於已確診後的治療與控制，屬於次級預防或三級預防。
Primary prevention targets behavior before disease develops or before it causes harm. Smoking cessation (A), low-salt diet (C), and regular exercise (E) all aim to prevent worsening hypertension and cardiovascular complications. Prescribing medication (B) and home monitoring (D) belong to treatment and control after diagnosis, which is secondary or tertiary prevention.
✦ 台美臨床差異
在臨床定義中，初級與次級預防的界線常因病情控制而模糊，但原則上藥物使用皆非初級預防。