護理師正在教導開始服用口服避孕藥的病人。護理師應指導病人立即報告哪項副作用？
A nurse is teaching a client who is starting oral contraceptives. Which side effect should the nurse instruct the client to report to the healthcare provider immediately?
- ANausea during the first month首個月的噁心感
- BMild breast tenderness輕微的乳房脹痛
- CSevere leg pain and swelling✓ 正解嚴重的腿部疼痛和腫脹
- DBreakthrough bleeding between periods經期之間的突破性出血
口服避孕藥（oral contraceptives）是常見的避孕方式，但護理師在衛教病人時，必須明確區分常見的、通常會自行緩解的副作用與罕見但可能危及生命的嚴重併發症。核心概念是口服避孕藥會增加血栓形成的風險，這可能導致深層靜脈栓塞（DVT）、肺栓塞（PE）、中風或心肌梗塞。因此，識別並立即報告血栓形成的警訊對於病人的安全至關重要。護理師應提供清晰的指導，讓病人了解哪些症狀需要立即就醫，以確保能及時獲得醫療介入，避免嚴重後果。
Oral contraceptives commonly cause mild, self-limiting side effects, but nurses must clearly distinguish them from rare life-threatening complications. The core concept is that estrogen-containing pills increase thromboembolic risk—DVT, PE, stroke, or MI. Therefore, recognizing and immediately reporting signs of thrombosis (severe leg pain/swelling, chest pain, shortness of breath, blurred vision, severe headache) is critical for client safety.
美國護理師常使用 'ACHES' 口訣來教育病人識別嚴重副作用；台灣臨床亦強調血栓風險評估。