— 健康促進與維護 · HARD · SATA —
公共衛生護理師規劃預防接種計畫。針對 65 歲以上健康成人，應建議哪些疫苗？（選所有適合的）
A public health nurse is planning an immunization campaign. Which of the following vaccines are typically recommended for healthy adults over age 65? (Select all that apply.)
- AInfluenza vaccine (annual)✓ 正解流行性感冒疫苗（每年）
- BPneumococcal vaccine (PCV20 or PPSV23+PCV15)✓ 正解肺炎鏈球菌疫苗（PCV20 或 PPSV23+PCV15）
- CShingles (Recombinant Zoster) vaccine✓ 正解帶狀皰疹疫苗（重組）
- DVaricella vaccine (two doses)水痘疫苗（兩劑）
- ETdap vaccine (booster every 10 years)✓ 正解破傷風、白喉、百日咳疫苗（Tdap）（每10年加強劑）
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
65 歲以上成人免疫功能下降，應優先接種流感疫苗以防併發症；肺炎鏈球菌疫苗可預防社區型肺炎；帶狀皰疹（皮蛇）疫苗對預防老年神經痛至關重要；Tdap（破傷風、白喉、百日咳）需每十年追打追加劑以維持抗體水平。
Adults ≥65 have declining immune function. Annual influenza vaccination reduces complications; pneumococcal vaccine protects against community-acquired pneumonia; the recombinant zoster (shingles) vaccine prevents post-herpetic neuralgia; Tdap requires a booster every 10 years to maintain antibody titers. Varicella vaccine is not routinely recommended for healthy adults ≥65 unless they have never been infected.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣對肺炎鏈球菌疫苗有特定公費補助年齡與時程，與美國 ACIP 指引略有不同。