— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · SATA —
一位 55 歲女性出現更年期症狀。護理師應提供哪些建議？（選所有適合的）
A 55-year-old female presents with symptoms of menopause. Which interventions should the nurse suggest? (Select all that apply.)
- AMaintain adequate calcium and Vitamin D intake✓ 正解維持充足的鈣和維生素 D 攝取
- BPerform weight-bearing exercises✓ 正解進行荷重運動
- CUse layered clothing for hot flashes✓ 正解採用層次穿搭以應對潮熱
- DIncrease caffeine intake to boost metabolism增加咖啡因攝取以提升代謝
- EEngage in regular pelvic floor muscle training✓ 正解從事規律的骨盆底肌訓練
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
更年期（Menopause）是女性生命週期中的自然階段，由於雌激素分泌下降，會導致骨質流失、泌尿生殖道萎縮及潮熱等症狀。護理師的衛教重點應放在預防骨質疏鬆、緩解血管舒縮症狀以及改善生活品質。透過生活型態的調整（如補充營養、運動、穿著調整），多數症狀可獲得緩解，必要時再評估是否需要荷爾蒙補充療法（HRT）。
Postmenopausal estrogen decline leads to bone loss, genitourinary atrophy, and vasomotor symptoms. Nursing interventions should focus on preventing osteoporosis through calcium/vitamin D intake and weight-bearing exercises, managing hot flashes with layered clothing, and strengthening pelvic floor muscles to improve bladder control.