一位 50 歲客戶詢問大腸癌篩檢指引。護理師應提供下列何項資訊？
A 50-year-old client asks the nurse about screening guidelines for colorectal cancer. Which information should the nurse provide?
- AFecal immunochemical test (FIT) is done only every 5 years糞便免疫化學測試（FIT）僅每5年進行一次
- BColonoscopy should be performed every 10 years✓ 正解大腸鏡檢查應每10年進行一次
- CScreening is only necessary if there is a family history只有當有家族史時才需要篩檢
- DDigital rectal exam is the preferred gold standard for screening數位直腸指診是篩檢的首選黃金標準
大腸癌篩檢旨在早期發現腺瘤性息肉或早期癌症。根據美國癌症協會（ACS）與美國預防服務工作小組（USPSTF）指引，針對平均風險族群（Average risk），建議從 45 歲開始篩檢（近年指引已下調年齡）。大腸鏡（Colonoscopy）是目前公認的黃金標準，建議每 10 年執行一次，若發現異常則縮短間隔。
Colorectal cancer screening aims to detect adenomatous polyps or early-stage cancers. According to the guidelines of the American Cancer Society (ACS) and the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), for the average-risk population, screening is recommended to begin at age 45 (recent guidelines have lowered the age). Colonoscopy is currently the recognized gold standard and is recommended every 10 years; if abnormalities are found, the interval is shortened.
美國的篩檢指引更新頻繁。目前 USPSTF 與 ACS 的建議起始年齡已降至 45 歲。台灣衛生福利部國健署目前針對 50-74 歲民眾提供每兩年一次的糞便潛血檢查。準備 NCLEX 時，務必以美國指引（45 歲起始）為準。