— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · SATA —
哪幾位客戶被護理師認定為罹患皮膚癌的風險最高？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following clients would the nurse identify as having the highest risk for developing skin cancer? (Select all that apply.)
- AA 30-year-old with fair skin who uses a tanning bed weekly✓ 正解30歲，皮膚白皙且每週使用助曬機者
- BA 60-year-old who works as a landscaper for 30 years✓ 正解60歲，從事園藝工作30年者
- CA 45-year-old with a history of five blistering sunburns in childhood✓ 正解45歲，童年曾有五次水泡狀曬傷史者
- DA 25-year-old who uses broad-spectrum sunscreen every day25歲，每天使用廣譜防曬乳者
- EA 50-year-old who has a family history of melanoma✓ 正解50歲，有黑色素瘤家族史者
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
皮膚癌的高危險因子包括：長期紫外線曝露（戶外工作者）、人工助曬機使用、童年時期嚴重的曬傷史、家族遺傳史、以及膚色白皙等因素。正確選項為 A、B、C、E。選項 D 為正確的防護行為，能降低罹癌風險，故不選。
High-risk factors for skin cancer include long-term ultraviolet exposure (outdoor workers), use of tanning beds, a history of severe sunburn in childhood, family history, and fair skin. The correct answers are A, B, C, and E. Option D describes a protective behavior that reduces cancer risk and is therefore not selected.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國皮膚癌發生率極高；台灣雖然盛行率較低，但近年因戶外運動盛行，皮膚癌的早期衛教意識亦逐漸受到重視。