一位 40 歲個案諮詢如何降低乳癌風險。護理師應包含哪些建議？（選所有適合的）
A 40-year-old client asks about reducing the risk of breast cancer. Which recommendation should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- APerform regular breast self-awareness activities✓ 正解定期進行乳房自我覺察活動
- BMaintain a healthy body mass index✓ 正解維持健康的體重指數
- CLimit alcohol intake✓ 正解限制酒精攝取量
- DUndergo genetic testing for all women所有女性均應接受基因檢測
- ELimit exposure to unnecessary diagnostic radiation✓ 正解減少不必要的診斷性輻射暴露
乳癌的風險降低策略應包含行為改變與環境風險管理。保持健康體重可降低體內雌激素水平；限酒可降低罹癌風險；適度進行乳房自我意識（Breast Self-Awareness）能幫助女性及早發現異狀；減少不必要的輻射暴露是預防性防護。基因檢測僅針對有明確家族史（如 BRCA1/2 突變）的高風險群，不應推廣給所有女性。
Strategies to reduce breast cancer risk should include both behavioral change and management of environmental risk. Maintaining a healthy weight lowers circulating estrogen levels; limiting alcohol reduces cancer risk; moderate practice of breast self-awareness helps women detect abnormalities early; and reducing unnecessary radiation exposure provides preventive protection. Genetic testing is recommended only for high-risk individuals with a clear family history (such as BRCA1/2 mutations) and should not be promoted for all women.