護理師對胃食道逆流 (GERD) 嬰兒的父母進行出院指導。應包含哪些內容？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to the parents of an infant who is diagnosed with GERD. Which instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- AKeep the infant upright for 30 minutes after feeding✓ 正解餵食後讓嬰兒保持直立姿勢 30 分鐘
- BThicken infant formula with rice cereal as directed✓ 正解依指示用米精濃稠嬰兒配方奶
- CPlace the infant in a prone position for all naps讓嬰兒在所有小睡時採取俯臥姿勢
- DBurp the infant frequently during feedings✓ 正解餵食期間頻繁幫嬰兒拍嗝
- EAvoid overfeeding the infant to reduce stomach pressure✓ 正解避免過度餵食嬰兒以減少胃部壓力
嬰兒 GERD 的管理重點在於降低腹壓與減少胃內容物回流。直立餵食及餵後保持 30 分鐘直立有助重力引流；增稠奶水可減少吐奶；少量多餐可避免胃脹；餵食中頻繁拍嗝可排出積氣。C 選項絕對錯誤：俯臥（prone）會增加嬰兒猝死症 (SIDS) 的風險，必須教導採仰臥。
Management of infant GERD focuses on reducing intra-abdominal pressure and gastric reflux. Upright feeding and maintaining an upright position for 30 minutes after feeding facilitate gravity-assisted gastric emptying; thickening the formula reduces regurgitation; small, frequent feedings prevent gastric distention; and frequent burping during feedings releases air. Option C is absolutely incorrect: the prone position increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS); the infant must be placed supine.
美國非常重視嬰兒睡眠安全（Back to Sleep）；台灣對於增稠奶水的醫囑使用亦相當普遍，但需注意吞嚥功能。