護理師正在指導病人乳房自我檢查 (BSE) 的正確技巧。護理師應包含哪些內容？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is instructing a client on the proper technique for breast self-examination (BSE). Which instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- APerform the exam 7 to 10 days after the start of the menstrual period.✓ 正解在月經開始後 7 至 10 天進行檢查。
- BUse the finger pads to feel for lumps.✓ 正解使用指腹觸摸是否有腫塊。
- COnly examine the breast tissue, not the underarm area.僅檢查乳房組織，不包括腋下區域。
- DLook for changes in breast shape or skin dimpling in a mirror.✓ 正解在鏡子前觀察乳房形狀或皮膚凹陷的變化。
- EApply firm pressure to reach deeper tissues.✓ 正解施加適度壓力以觸及較深的組織。
乳房自我檢查 (Breast Self-Examination, BSE) 雖然在許多國家已不再被視為主要的乳癌篩檢工具，但它仍是提升女性乳房健康意識（breast awareness）的重要方法。護理師在指導病人時，應確保病人了解正確的檢查時機和技巧，以提高檢查的準確性和有效性。這包括了解乳房在月經週期中的生理變化，以及如何透過視診和觸診全面檢查乳房及周邊區域。正確的 BSE 可以幫助女性熟悉自己的乳房，及早發現任何異常變化，進而及時就醫評估。
Although breast self-examination (BSE) is no longer regarded in many countries as a primary screening tool for breast cancer, it remains an important way to promote breast awareness in women. When educating the client, the nurse should ensure that she understands the correct timing and technique for the examination, in order to improve its accuracy and effectiveness. This includes understanding the physiologic changes the breasts undergo during the menstrual cycle and how to perform a thorough inspection and palpation of the breasts and surrounding areas. Proper BSE helps women become familiar with their own breasts, detect any abnormal changes early, and seek timely medical evaluation.
在美國，乳房自我檢查 (BSE) 已不再被美國癌症協會 (ACS) 和美國預防服務工作組 (USPSTF) 列為常規篩檢建議，轉而強調臨床乳房檢查和乳房攝影的重要性，並鼓勵女性進行乳房健康意識 (breast awareness)。然而，台灣的衛生福利部國民健康署仍將 BSE 列為乳房健康教育的一部分，鼓勵女性定期自我檢查。因此，護理師在衛教時需留意其角色定位與重要性，強調其為輔助性而非替代性的篩檢工具。