護理師採取哪項介入對學生而言最符合「初級預防」？
Which intervention by a nurse best exemplifies primary prevention for a student?
- AMonitoring vision changes in class在課堂上監測視力變化
- BTeaching effective hand hygiene✓ 正解教導有效的手部衛生
- CReferral for an IEP (Individualized Education Program)轉介制定個別化教育計畫（IEP）
- DTreating a scraped knee處理擦傷的膝蓋
初級預防（Primary Prevention）的核心目標是在疾病尚未發生前，透過健康促進與保護措施降低發病機率。洗手是公共衛生中最有效阻斷病原體傳播的手段，屬於防止疾病發生的初級預防措施。其他選項中，治療傷口屬於三級預防中的復健與治療，IEP 是特殊需求支持，而監測視力變化則屬於二級預防中的早期發現與篩檢。
The core goal of primary prevention is to reduce the incidence of disease before it occurs through health promotion and protective measures. Hand hygiene is the most effective public health measure to block transmission of pathogens and is a primary prevention measure aimed at preventing disease. Among the other options, treating a wound is part of rehabilitation/treatment in tertiary prevention, an Individualized Education Program (IEP) is special-needs support, and monitoring for changes in vision belongs to early detection and screening in secondary prevention.