— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · SATA —
護理師準備給予病人地高辛（Digoxin）。下列哪些護理措施是必需的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer digoxin to a client. Which nursing actions are required? (Select all that apply.)
- ACheck the apical pulse for one full minute✓ 正解測量心尖脈至少一分鐘
- BWithhold the dose if the heart rate is less than 60 beats/min✓ 正解若心率低於60次/分則暫停給藥
- CMonitor potassium levels for potential hypokalemia✓ 正解監測血鉀水平以防低血鉀
- DAdminister with a high-fiber meal to prevent constipation與高纖維餐點一起服用以預防便秘
- EAssess for signs of digitalis toxicity such as visual disturbances✓ 正解評估地高辛中毒跡象，如視覺障礙
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
地高辛（Digoxin）具有窄治療窗，易發生毒性反應。給藥前必須確實測量心尖脈（Apical Pulse）一整分鐘。若心率過低（成人 <60 bpm），會增加心臟傳導阻滯的風險，必須暫停給藥。此外，低血鉀會增加地高辛與心肌受體結合的敏感度，導致毒性。臨床照護需嚴格監測電解質與視力改變（黃綠視）等中毒徵象。
Before administering digoxin, the nurse must assess the apical pulse for one full minute and withhold the dose if the heart rate is below 60 beats/min to prevent bradycardia. Additionally, monitoring potassium levels is critical because hypokalemia increases the risk of digoxin toxicity, which may also present with visual disturbances such as yellow-green halos.