— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師教導一位新診斷第一型糖尿病病人在生病時的處理原則。下列哪項建議正確？
A nurse is teaching a client with newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes about sick day management. Which instruction is correct?
- AExercise vigorously to lower blood glucose levels劇烈運動以降低血糖
- BTest blood glucose every 3 to 4 hours✓ 正解每 3 至 4 小時測試血糖
- CStop insulin administration if you are unable to eat若無法進食則停止注射胰島素
- DReduce water intake to avoid frequent urination減少水分攝取以避免頻繁排尿
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
第一型糖尿病病人在生病（Sick day）期間，由於身體處於壓力狀態（如感染），會分泌對抗胰島素的荷爾蒙，導致血糖飆升，即便進食量減少，體內胰島素需求反而增加。衛教重點在於預防糖尿病酮酸中毒（DKA）。病人需頻繁監測血糖（每 3-4 小時）並監測尿酮，確保水分攝取，必要時調整胰島素劑量，絕不能隨意停藥。
During illness, stress hormones increase insulin resistance, raising blood glucose levels even if food intake decreases. Therefore, clients must test blood glucose every 3 to 4 hours and monitor for ketones to prevent diabetic ketoacidosis. Insulin should never be stopped, and adequate hydration is essential to help flush excess glucose.