— 健康促進與維護 · HARD · SATA —
護理師評估個案對健康促進的理解，下列哪些屬於次級預防（Secondary Prevention）？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is evaluating a client's understanding of health promotion. Which activities are examples of secondary prevention? (Select all that apply.)
- AAnnual mammogram for a 50-year-old female✓ 正解50 歲女性的年度乳房攝影檢查
- BAdministering the pneumococcal vaccine施打肺炎球菌疫苗
- CBlood pressure screening at a health fair✓ 正解在健康博覽會進行血壓篩檢
- DRehabilitation after a stroke中風後的復健
- EPap smear every three years✓ 正解每三年一次的子宮頸抹片檢查
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
次級預防的核心是「早期發現、早期治療」。A（乳房攝影）、C（血壓篩檢）、E（子宮頸抹片）均屬於篩檢性質，目的是在無症狀階段揪出潛在病灶。B 為初級預防（疫苗接種），D 為三級預防（復健，防止功能進一步惡化）。
Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and treatment to halt disease progression. Mammograms, blood pressure screenings, and Pap smears are screening tests designed to identify conditions in asymptomatic individuals. In contrast, vaccinations represent primary prevention, while rehabilitation is classified as tertiary prevention.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美對預防層級定義一致，但台灣健保推動預防保健服務（如成人健檢）非常普及，篩檢率高。