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藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA

護理師教導病人舌下含服硝酸甘油治療穩定型心絞痛,下列敘述哪些顯示病人已理解?(選所有適合的)

A nurse is teaching a client about taking sublingual nitroglycerin for stable angina. Which statements by the client indicate understanding? (Select all that apply.)

  • AI should keep the medication in its original dark glass bottle✓ 正解
    我應該將藥物保存在其原始深色玻璃瓶中
  • BI can take up to three tablets, spaced 5 minutes apart✓ 正解
    我可以服用最多三片,間隔 5 分鐘
  • CIf the pain persists after one tablet, I should call emergency services✓ 正解
    如果服用一片後疼痛仍未緩解,我應該呼叫救護車
  • DI should swallow the tablet immediately with a full glass of water
    我應該立即用水吞服藥片
  • EI might experience a headache as a common side effect✓ 正解
    我可能會經歷頭痛作為常見副作用
Explanation · 中文詳解

核心概念:舌下含服硝酸甘油(Sublingual Nitroglycerin)的正確使用與副作用。 為何正確答案對: A. 硝酸甘油對光和空氣敏感,應保存在原始的深色玻璃瓶中(original dark glass bottle)以避光、防潮,維持藥效。 B. 舌下含服硝酸甘油的標準用法是,若疼痛未緩解,可每 5 分鐘重複一次,最多可服用三顆(three tablets, spaced 5 minutes apart)。此為穩定型心絞痛(stable angina)的緊急處理步驟。 C. 服用一顆硝酸甘油後,若 5 分鐘內心絞痛仍未緩解,則表示情況可能比穩定型心絞痛嚴重(如不穩定型心絞痛或心肌梗塞),應立即尋求緊急醫療協助(call emergency services)。 E. 頭痛(headache)是硝酸甘油最常見的副作用,因其血管擴張作用所致。病人應被告知此可能副作用,以減少恐慌。 為何其他選項錯: D. 舌下含服硝酸甘油的目的是讓藥物直接經由口腔黏膜吸收進入血液循環,快速起效。若立即用大量水吞服(swallow the tablet immediately with a full glass of water),藥物會進入腸胃道,經肝臟首渡代謝(first-pass metabolism),大部分藥效會被破壞,降低療效,且起效時間會延遲。 臨床思路/安全優先:心絞痛的評估與處理攸關病人生命安全。硝酸甘油是急性心絞痛的關鍵藥物,其正確使用方式能挽救生命。病人對藥物特性、用法、潛在副作用的理解程度,直接影響治療效果及病人安全。

Sublingual nitroglycerin teaching: (A) store in original dark glass bottle—NTG is light- and air-sensitive; (B) one tablet under the tongue every 5 minutes for up to three doses if pain persists; (C) call 911 if chest pain is not relieved after the first dose (current AHA guidance; pain unresponsive to one tablet may signal acute coronary syndrome); (E) headache is the most common side effect due to systemic vasodilation. (D) is incorrect because swallowing the tablet causes hepatic first-pass metabolism and loss of effect—NTG must be absorbed through the oral mucosa.

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