護理師在中心靜脈導管置入前使用克羅希西定 (Chlorhexidine) 溶液清潔病人皮膚。這是什麼的例子?
The nurse is using a chlorhexidine solution to cleanse a client’s skin before a central line insertion. This is an example of:
- ADisinfection消毒
- BAntisepsis✓ 正解防腐
- CDecontamination去污染
- DSterilization滅菌
護理師在中心靜脈導管(central line)置入前使用克羅希西定(Chlorhexidine)溶液清潔病人皮膚,這項措施的核心概念是降低皮膚表面的微生物數量,以預防導管相關血流感染(Catheter-Associated Bloodstream Infection, CABSI)。中心靜脈導管置入屬於侵入性操作,皮膚的徹底消毒對於避免細菌進入血管至關重要。 克羅希西定是一種廣效性抗菌劑,常用於活體組織(如皮膚)的消毒。這種在活體組織上使用化學藥劑以減少微生物的過程,稱為「消毒防腐」(antisepsis)。它的作用是抑制或殺滅微生物,但不一定能達到完全無菌的狀態,這與滅菌(sterilization)不同。 臨床思路強調無菌技術和感染預防。在進行任何侵入性操作前,護理師都必須遵循嚴格的無菌操作規範,包括手部衛生、使用適當的皮膚消毒劑,並確保操作區域的清潔,以最大程度地降低感染風險。
Using chlorhexidine to cleanse the skin before central line insertion aims to reduce the microbial load on the skin and prevent catheter-associated bloodstream infection (CABSI). Because chlorhexidine is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial applied to living tissue (skin) to inhibit or destroy microorganisms, this process is called antisepsis. Antisepsis is distinct from sterilization (complete destruction of all microbes, applied to inanimate items), disinfection (chemical reduction of pathogens on inanimate surfaces), and decontamination (a broad term for removing/reducing contaminants). Strict aseptic technique—including hand hygiene, appropriate skin antiseptic, and a clean field—is essential before any invasive procedure to minimize infection risk.
美國 NCLEX 考題常區分這些術語的微小差異;台灣學術教育中亦有區分,但臨床用語有時會混用。