護理師教導有高血壓家族史的病人生活方式改變。護理師應建議哪項飲食改變？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client with a family history of hypertension about lifestyle modifications. Which dietary change should the nurse recommend? (Select all that apply.)
- ADecrease intake of canned soups and processed meats.✓ 正解減少罐頭湯和加工肉類的攝取
- BIncrease consumption of potassium-rich foods like bananas.✓ 正解增加攝取富含鉀的食物，如香蕉
- CLimit alcohol intake to no more than 2 drinks per day for men.✓ 正解將酒精攝取量限制在男性每天不超過2杯
- DIncrease intake of whole grains and low-fat dairy.✓ 正解增加全穀類和低脂乳製品的攝取
- ESwitch from butter to coconut oil for all cooking.將所有烹飪用油從奶油改為椰子油
本題考驗護理師對於高血壓預防和管理的飲食建議知識。對於有高血壓家族史的病人，健康的生活方式改變，尤其是飲食調整，是預防高血壓發生的重要策略。護理師應根據循證醫學指南，如得舒飲食（Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, DASH Diet）原則，提供全面且具體的飲食建議。這些建議旨在減少鈉攝入、增加鉀和膳食纖維、限制飽和脂肪和酒精，從而有效管理血壓，降低心血管疾病風險。此為健康促進與疾病預防的核心護理職責。
This item tests the nurse's knowledge of dietary recommendations for hypertension prevention and management. For a client with a family history of hypertension, healthy lifestyle changes -- especially dietary modification -- are an important strategy for preventing the onset of hypertension. The nurse should provide comprehensive and specific dietary recommendations based on evidence-based guidelines such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. These recommendations aim to reduce sodium intake, increase potassium and dietary fiber, and limit saturated fat and alcohol, thereby effectively managing blood pressure and reducing cardiovascular disease risk. This is a core nursing responsibility for health promotion and disease prevention.
高血壓的飲食管理原則，特別是得舒飲食（DASH Diet）的推廣，在美國和台灣的臨床實踐中都是主流且一致的。兩地的衛教內容都會強調減少鈉攝取、增加蔬果和全穀類、限制酒精等。護理師在進行衛教時，應根據當地飲食習慣，提供具體的食物選擇建議，以確保病人能將這些原則融入日常生活中。