— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位 45 歲女性諮詢乳癌篩檢，護理師應提供何種建議？
A 45-year-old female client asks about screening for breast cancer. Which recommendation should the nurse provide?
- AOnly perform monthly breast self-exams after age 50僅在50歲後進行每月乳房自我檢查
- BGet a clinical breast exam every 5 years每5年接受一次臨床乳房檢查
- CWait until age 55 for the first mammogram等到55歲才進行第一次乳房攝影
- DStart annual mammograms at age 40✓ 正解從40歲開始每年進行乳房攝影
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
根據美國癌症協會標準，女性應在 40-44 歲開始討論每年進行乳房攝影檢查，45-54 歲應每年進行。早期篩檢能顯著降低死亡率。自我檢查雖仍被視為自我察覺方式，但不再是篩檢的主力，重點應放在對乳房外觀變化的敏銳度。
According to American Cancer Society guidelines, women should begin discussing annual mammography at ages 40-44 and have annual screening from 45-54. Early screening significantly reduces mortality. Breast self-awareness remains valuable, but the emphasis is on noticing changes rather than scheduled self-examinations.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣國健署補助 45-69 歲女性每兩年一次乳房攝影；美國 ACS 建議更為積極（每年），護理師需依據當地政策進行衛教。