— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師為一位 62 歲個案進行健康檢查，下列何者屬於正常的老化生理改變？
A nurse is assessing a 62-year-old client during a wellness visit. Which finding is considered a normal, age-related change?
- AInability to maintain balance無法維持平衡
- BSudden onset of urinary incontinence突發性尿失禁
- CDecreased production of saliva✓ 正解唾液分泌減少
- DShort-term memory loss causing confusion導致混淆的短期記憶喪失
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
隨年齡增長，唾液腺分泌功能會逐漸減退，導致口腔黏膜乾燥，這是常見的正常老化生理現象。其餘選項皆屬於病理變化，如失智症造成的混亂、神經系統障礙導致的平衡喪失，或是泌尿系統感染導致的尿失禁，皆非正常老化結果。
With aging, salivary gland secretion gradually decreases, leading to dryness of the oral mucosa; this is a common normal physiologic change of aging. The other options are pathologic changes: confusion from dementia, loss of balance from neurologic disorders, and incontinence from urinary tract infection are not normal consequences of aging.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣長照資源評估中，對上述生理變化的定義與美國老年護理學會標準高度一致，皆強調區分老化與疾病。