護理師正向一位高血壓診斷的病人衛教生活方式的改變。何種指導最為重要？
A nurse is educating a client diagnosed with hypertension about lifestyle modifications. Which instruction is most important?
- ALimit alcohol consumption to one drink per week將酒精攝取量限制為每週一杯
- BEngage in at least 60 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise daily每天進行至少60分鐘中等強度的運動
- CReduce sodium intake to less than 1500 mg per day✓ 正解將鈉攝取量減少至每天少於1500 mg
- DIncrease potassium intake by eating more fruits透過多吃水果來增加鉀攝取量
針對高血壓（Hypertension）的非藥物治療，限制鈉攝取量是經過臨床實證最有效且優先的介入措施。過多的鈉會導致水分滯留，增加血容量，進而提升周邊血管阻力，使血壓升高。美國心臟協會（AHA）建議高血壓患者將每日鈉攝取量限制在 1500 mg 以內。護理師在衛教時應強調飲食控制（如 DASH 飲食），這對於長期控制血壓與降低心血管併發症至關重要。
For nonpharmacologic management of hypertension, sodium restriction is the most evidence-supported and impactful intervention. Excess sodium causes fluid retention, increasing blood volume and peripheral resistance, raising blood pressure. The AHA recommends limiting daily sodium intake to less than 1500 mg. The nurse should emphasize dietary control (e.g., the DASH diet), which is critical for long-term BP control and cardiovascular risk reduction.
台灣臨床常見建議鈉攝取量為每日 2000-2400 mg，但美國針對高血壓病人則更嚴格要求在 1500 mg 以下，護理師應針對美國指引進行衛教。