— 健康促進與維護 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師為嬰兒家長準備疫苗接種教育課程,下列關於 B 型肝炎疫苗的敘述何者正確?
A nurse is preparing an educational session on immunizations for parents of infants. Which statement regarding the Hepatitis B vaccine is accurate?
- AThe first dose should be administered within 24 hours of birth✓ 正解第一劑應在出生後 24 小時內施打
- BIt is only required if the mother is Hepatitis B positive只有當母親為 B 型肝炎陽性時才需要施打
- CIt is a live-attenuated vaccine它是減毒活疫苗
- DIt provides immunity against Hepatitis A as well它也能提供對 A 型肝炎的免疫力
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
B 型肝炎疫苗接種是新生兒預防母嬰垂直傳染最重要的公衛手段。根據常規疫苗接種時程(Immunization Schedule),首劑應在出生後 24 小時內儘速施打,以阻斷傳播鏈。此疫苗為基因重組疫苗,並非活性減毒疫苗,因此不會導致感染。該疫苗具有高度抗原專一性,僅針對 B 型肝炎病毒,對 A 型肝炎無保護力。臨床上,無論母親的 B 型肝炎帶原狀態為何,皆建議新生兒接種以提供全面保護。
The first dose of the Hepatitis B vaccine should be administered within 24 hours of birth to prevent vertical transmission. This recombinant, non-live vaccine is recommended for all newborns regardless of maternal status and does not provide immunity against Hepatitis A.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美針對 B 型肝炎的疫苗接種時程高度一致,均強調出生後 24 小時內給予首劑,並在 6 個月大前完成系列接種。