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藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · MCQ

一位患有雙極性情感障礙的病人正在服用碳酸鋰(Lithium carbonate)。護理師最應優先監測哪項檢驗結果,以預防鋰中毒?

A client with bipolar disorder is prescribed lithium carbonate. Which laboratory result is most critical for the nurse to monitor to prevent lithium toxicity?

  • ASerum sodium level✓ 正解
    血清鈉濃度
  • BSerum glucose level
    血清葡萄糖濃度
  • CSerum potassium level
    血清鉀濃度
  • DSerum calcium level
    血清鈣濃度
Explanation · 中文詳解

鋰鹽在體內的排泄與鈉離子密切相關,腎臟會將鋰離子與鈉離子視為相似的物質。核心概念是當體內鈉離子濃度下降(例如脫水、大量流汗、使用利尿劑或低鈉飲食)時,腎臟為了保鈉會代償性地增加鋰的重吸收,進而導致鋰中毒。正確答案 A 反映了這種生理競爭關係。鋰中毒會導致神經毒性、腎功能受損甚至昏迷。護理師必須教育病人維持穩定的食鹽攝取量,並在流汗過多時補充水分與電解質。臨床思路上,雖然腎功能(BUN/Cr)也很重要,但在電解質平衡中,鈉離子是影響鋰代謝最直接的變數,故為監測重點。

Lithium excretion is closely tied to sodium — the kidneys handle lithium and sodium similarly. When body sodium drops (dehydration, sweating, diuretics, low-salt diet), the kidneys conserve sodium and reabsorb more lithium, leading to toxicity. Lithium toxicity causes neurologic effects, renal impairment, and coma. Educate clients on stable salt intake and electrolyte replacement when sweating. Although renal function (BUN/Cr) matters, sodium is the most direct variable affecting lithium metabolism.

✦ 台美臨床差異

美國護理教育極度強調「Lithium-Sodium inverse relationship」,考題常結合脫水情境。台灣臨床上護理師較多關注鋰鹽濃度(Lithium level)本身,對於「低鈉導致中毒」的飲食衛教細節有時在忙碌病房中較易被簡化。

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