— 安全與感染控制 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師正在照護一名活動性肺結核病人。哪項環境控制措施是首要任務？
A nurse is managing a client with active Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Which environmental control is a priority?
- APlacing the client in a negative-pressure airflow room✓ 正解將病人安置於負壓氣流病房
- BKeeping the room door open to improve ventilation保持房門開啟以改善通風
- CLimiting visitors to only immediate family members僅限直系親屬探視
- DEnsuring the client wears a surgical mask at all times in the room確保病人在病房內全程佩戴外科口罩
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
肺結核經由空氣傳播（Airborne），核心環境要求是負壓隔離病房（Negative-pressure airflow），每小時至少進行 6-12 次空氣交換，並過濾後排出。這能防止帶菌的微粒（Droplet nuclei）擴散至走廊。D 選項：病人在房內不需戴口罩，是護理師進房要戴 N95。B 選項：門必須關閉才能維持負壓效果。
Placing the client in a negative-pressure airflow room is the priority to prevent airborne droplet nuclei from escaping into the hallway. The door must remain closed to maintain this pressure gradient, and while visitor restrictions are important, physical containment of the air takes precedence.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國 OSHA 規定進房必須戴 N95 且需每年做 Fit Test；台灣同樣要求 N95，但對於 Fit Test 的落實頻率各地醫院不一。