— 安全與感染控制 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師正在照護一位有跌倒病史的病人。哪項措施最能確保病人安全？
A nurse is caring for a client with a history of falls. Which action is most appropriate to ensure the client's safety?
- AKeep all four side rails in the up position at all times始終將四邊床欄拉起
- BMaintain the bed in the highest position to facilitate assessment將病床保持在最高位置以便於評估
- CApply physical restraints as a preventive measure作為預防措施施加身體約束
- DPlace the bedside table close to the client's bed✓ 正解將床邊桌放置在靠近客戶病床的位置
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
預防跌倒是病房安全的核心。將常用物品（如床邊桌、呼叫鈴）放在病人觸手可及處可減少其因試圖起身而跌倒的風險。A 選項（四邊床欄）與 C 選項（約束）被視為限制行為，非首選且可能增加翻越受傷風險；B 選項應將床降至最低位置以確保安全。
Fall prevention is a core safety priority; keeping essential items like the bedside table within reach reduces the need for the client to stretch or get out of bed unsafely. Side rails raised on all four sides and physical restraints are considered restraints that may increase injury risk and are not first-line interventions. The bed should be kept in the lowest position to minimize fall height, rather than the highest.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理界對「無約束環境」(Restraint-free environment) 執行極嚴，四邊床欄在美國多被視為非法約束；台灣則較常將兩邊或三邊床欄作為安全防護。