護理師正在教導病人有關糖尿病的管理。下列何者是高血糖的跡象？
A nurse is educating a client about managing diabetes. Which of the following is a sign of hyperglycemia?
- AConfusion意識混亂
- BDiaphoresis (sweating)盜汗（流汗）
- CIncreased thirst (polydipsia)✓ 正解口渴增加（多飲）
- DShakiness顫抖
高血糖（hyperglycemia）在糖尿病病人體內會導致滲透性利尿，即身體試圖將過多的糖分經由尿液排出，這會帶走大量水分，導致嚴重脫水，進而引起劇烈口渴（polydipsia）。出汗、困惑與顫抖通常是低血糖的症狀，因為低血糖會刺激交感神經並損害腦部能量供應。糖尿病病人應學會區分這些症狀以便及時處理。
Hyperglycemia in a client with diabetes causes osmotic diuresis, as the body attempts to excrete excess glucose through the urine. This process carries away large amounts of water, leading to significant dehydration and consequently intense thirst (polydipsia). Sweating, confusion, and shakiness are typically symptoms of hypoglycemia, because low blood glucose stimulates the sympathetic nervous system and impairs the brain's energy supply. Clients with diabetes should learn to distinguish between these manifestations in order to respond promptly.