— 安全與感染控制 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師觀察到病人的同房室友在咳嗽時未遮掩口鼻。護理師為維護安全應優先採取何種行動？
A nurse observes a client's roommate coughing without covering their mouth. What is the nurse's priority action to promote safety?
- AInstruct the roommate on respiratory etiquette✓ 正解指導室友注意呼吸道衛生禮儀
- BTransfer the primary client to a private room將主要病人轉至單人病房
- CNotify the physician immediately立即通知醫師
- DInitiate strict isolation for the roommate對室友實施嚴格隔離
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
本題測試護理師在感染控制中的主動衛教能力。核心概念為「呼吸道衛生與咳嗽禮儀（Respiratory Hygiene/Cough Etiquette）」，這是預防飛沫傳播疾病（如流感、百日咳）的第一線防禦。護理師觀察到室友行為不當，應立即介入以防止病原體散布至病房環境。優先採取衛教行動既符合教學職責，又能立即改變風險行為，無需過度恐慌或採取不必要的隔離措施。
Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette are standard precautions essential for preventing the spread of airborne and droplet-transmitted infections. By instructing the roommate on proper techniques, such as covering the mouth when coughing, the nurse addresses the immediate source of potential contamination. This educational intervention is the most effective and priority action to maintain a safe environment for other clients.