病人因 MRSA 嚴重感染使用萬古黴素（Vancomycin）。輸注過程中，病人出現上半身潮紅、心搏過速與搔癢。護理師的首要行動為何？
A client is receiving vancomycin for a severe MRSA infection. During the infusion, the client develops flushing, tachycardia, and pruritus of the upper body. What is the nurse's priority action?
- ASlow the infusion rate✓ 正解減慢輸注速率
- BCall the physician for a different antibiotic呼叫醫師更換其他抗生素
- CAdminister an antihistamine給予抗組織胺
- DStop the infusion immediately立即停止輸注
此臨床表現為典型的「紅人症候群」（Red Man Syndrome），是因萬古黴素輸注速度過快引起的組織胺釋放。處置原則是暫停或放慢輸注速率，並觀察症狀是否改善。若症狀嚴重再考慮給予抗組織胺。直接停藥（D）並非首選，因可能導致藥物治療中斷。
This clinical presentation is classic 'Red Man Syndrome,' caused by histamine release related to a too-rapid vancomycin infusion. The management principle is to slow or pause the infusion rate and observe whether symptoms improve. Antihistamines may be considered if symptoms are severe. Stopping the medication altogether (option D) is not the first choice because it interrupts essential antibiotic therapy.
台灣與美國對於 Vancomycin 輸注時間皆有嚴格規範，通常規定需在 60 分鐘以上滴注完畢以降低此風險。